Before pump vs. semi-auto, before brand, before finish — gauge is the decision that shapes everything else about a shotgun. Here's how 12 and 20 gauge actually compare, with real options to look at in each.
12 Gauge: The Do-Everything Standard
12 gauge is the most common shotgun gauge in North America for a reason — the widest selection of ammunition, from light target loads to heavy buckshot and slugs, and the broadest range of shotguns built around it. If you want one gauge that covers hunting, clays, and home defence without compromise, 12 gauge is it. Options in stock span budget pump-actions like the Mossberg Maverick 88 and Ternion T870-1 up to the Kel-Tec KSG bullpup for a compact defensive setup.
20 Gauge: Less Recoil, Still Serious
20 gauge trades some payload for meaningfully less felt recoil, which matters over a long day in the field or for a new shooter building confidence. It's a legitimate hunting gauge on its own merits, not just a "starter" option — plenty of experienced upland hunters carry 20 gauge by choice. Options include the Federation Firearms SP-20 pump, the semi-automatic Federation SA2, and over/unders like the Charles Daly 202A and AKDAS Over/Under.
How to Actually Decide
- New shooter, or recoil-sensitive? 20 gauge is a genuinely good choice, not a compromise.
- Want the widest ammo selection and heaviest loads available? 12 gauge.
- Home defence? 12 gauge's buckshot selection is deeper, but a 20 gauge pump is a completely viable option too.
- Upland bird hunting, long days carrying the gun? 20 gauge's lighter typical weight is a real advantage.
Key Takeaways
- 12 gauge offers the widest ammunition and shotgun selection — a safe, versatile default
- 20 gauge means less recoil without giving up serious hunting or defensive capability
- Both gauges are non-restricted — a valid PAL is all that's required to purchase
- Browse the full range in our shotgun collection
This article is general information, not legal advice. A valid PAL is required to purchase any firearm in Canada — confirm current requirements with the RCMP Canadian Firearms Program.